Đề bài

Giải các hệ phương trình a) \(\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{3x + y = 3}\\{2x - y = 7}\end{array}} \right.\) b) \(\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x - y = 3}\\{3x - 4y = 2}\end{array}} \right.\) c) \(\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{4x + 5y = - 2}\\{2x - y = - 8}\end{array}} \right.\) d) \(\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{3x + y = 3}\\{ - 3y = 5}\end{array}} \right.\)

Lời giải chi tiết

a) \(\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{3x + y = 3}\\{2x - y = 7}\end{array}} \right.\)

\(\begin{array}{l}\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{3x + y = 3}\\{y = 2x - 7}\end{array}} \right.\\\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{3x + 2x - 7 = 3}\\{y = 2x - 7}\end{array}} \right.\\\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{5x = 10}\\{y = 2x - 7}\end{array}} \right.\\\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x = 2}\\{y = - 3}\end{array}} \right.\end{array}\)

Vậy hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là (2; - 3). b) \(\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x - y = 3}\\{3x - 4y = 2}\end{array}} \right.\) \(\begin{array}{l}\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x = 3 + y}\\{3.(3 + y) - 4y = 2}\end{array}} \right.\\\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x = 3 + y}\\{y = 7}\end{array}} \right.\\\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x = 10}\\{y = 7}\end{array}} \right.\end{array}\) Vậy hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là (10; 7). c) \(\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{4x + 5y = - 2}\\{2x - y = - 8}\end{array}} \right.\) \(\begin{array}{l}\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{4x + 5.(2x + 8) = - 2}\\{y = 2x + 8}\end{array}} \right.\\\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{14x = - 42}\\{y = 2x + 8}\end{array}} \right.\\\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x = - 3}\\{y = 2}\end{array}} \right.\end{array}\) Vậy hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là (-3; 2). d) \(\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{3x + y = 3}\\{ - 3y = 5}\end{array}} \right.\) \(\begin{array}{l}\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{3x + \frac{{ - 5}}{3} = 3}\\{y = \frac{{ - 5}}{3}}\end{array}} \right.\\\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{3x = \frac{{14}}{3}}\\{y = \frac{{ - 5}}{3}}\end{array}} \right.\\\left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{x = \frac{{14}}{9}}\\{y = \frac{{ - 5}}{3}}\end{array}} \right.\end{array}\) Vậy hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left( {\frac{{14}}{9};\frac{{ - 5}}{3}} \right)\).